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Relationship: Finish to Finish

While FF ties are a valid means of representing task dependencies in CPM scheduling, it is generally advisable to use them judiciously. The key is to strike a balance between accurately representing the project's dependencies and maintaining a schedule that is manageable, adaptable, and clear. High numbers of FF ties can lead to schedule complexity, inflexibility, and increased risks, making it more challenging to manage and execute the project successfully. It is important to carefully assess the need for FF ties and consider alternative scheduling options when appropriate.


  • Complexity: A high number of FF ties can make the schedule overly complex and difficult to manage. The complexity can lead to confusion, errors, and difficulties in understanding the relationships between tasks.
  • Reduced Flexibility: A schedule with many FF ties may be less flexible and adaptable to changes. It can limit the ability to adjust the schedule quickly in response to unexpected events or delays.
  • Increased Risk: FF ties can introduce risks related to delays and disruptions. When many activities depend on the finish of another activity, any delay in the predecessor can have a cascading effect, potentially impacting multiple subsequent tasks.
  • Resource Allocation Challenges: Managing resources efficiently can be more challenging when numerous FF ties are present. Resource allocation may become constrained, leading to inefficiencies and potential overallocation of resources.
  • Lack of Redundancy: High numbers of FF ties can reduce redundancy and flexibility in the schedule. Having alternative paths to complete tasks can provide more options for managing and mitigating risks.
  • Difficulty in Critical Path Analysis: A high number of FF ties can complicate critical path analysis. It may make it more challenging to identify the true critical path and understand the sequence of tasks that directly impact the project's duration.
  • Schedule Delays: With a high number of FF ties, the likelihood of schedule delays increases, as any delay in a predecessor can affect multiple successor tasks. This can lead to missed deadlines and increased project risks.
  • Complexity in Communication: Excessive FF ties can complicate communication and coordination among project stakeholders. It may be challenging to convey the schedule's logic and dependencies clearly to team members and external parties.
  • Reduced Transparency: High numbers of FF ties may reduce the transparency of the schedule, making it difficult for project stakeholders to understand the sequence of work and the relationships between tasks.